In 2021, President of the Mexican Supreme Court Arturo Zaldívar Lelo de Lara implemented a far-reaching judicial reform package. Some of the most critical reforms included a change to the precedential system such that the Supreme Court can only establish binding precedent on lower courts when its members have decided by a vote of at least eight out of eleven (of the full sitting Court) or four of five (of the separate Halls of the Court) to create binding jurisprudence.  Single-seat appellate courts were replaced with multimember appellate courts.  The Federal School of Judicial Formation (“EFFJ”) was established to conduct contests for judicial placements in a less political manner, including through statutorily mandated criteria.