Belt & Road Guiding Cases; Regulating AI; AI and Courts; Judicial Mediation | “一带一路”指导性案例;监管人工智能;人工智能与法院;司法调解

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China Law Connect (Issue 4) cover and The Tidings of Spring |《中国法律连接》(第4期)封面与《春讯》

This newsletter covers:

  • Six Belt & Road Guiding Cases and AmCham Talk
  • The CGCP’s Global Impact
  • China Law Connect (Issue 4): Judicial Mediation, Regulating AI, and AI and Courts
  • A Grant from the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation & How to Purchase China Law Connect Online to Sustain the CGCP
  • “Call for Submissions”, Submission Guidelines, Leveraging the CGCP’s Expertise

本期简讯包括:

  • 六个“一带一路”指导性案例与中美商会座谈
  • CGCP的全球影响
  • 《中国法律连接》(第4期):司法调解、监管人工智能、人工智能与法院
  • 威廉与弗洛拉·休利特基金会的资助及如何在线购买《中国法律连接》以支持CGCP
  • “诚挚邀稿”、投稿指引、发挥CGCP专长

Six Belt & Road Guiding Cases and AmCham Talk | 六个“一带一路”指导性案例与中美商会座谈

On February 25, 2019, the Supreme People’s Court (the “SPC”) of China released six new Guiding Cases (“GCs”), bringing the total number of China’s de facto binding precedents to 112.  More importantly, this marked the release of the first set of GCs that are related to the development of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (the “BRI”), demonstrating the SPC’s efforts in promoting China’s global investment plan by clarifying related legal ambiguities through GCs.

2019年2月25日,中国最高人民法院(“最高法”)发布了六个指导性案例,使中国具有事实上约束力的案例总数达到112个。更重要的是,这标志着第一批与中国“一带一路”倡议发展相关的指导性案例的发布,体现了最高法致力通过指导性案例阐明法律含糊之处来推动这全球投资计划。

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Photo (from left to right): Presenters Dr. Mei Gechlik and Judge GUO Feng (Deputy Director, Research Office of the Supreme People’s Court), and moderator Mr. Lester Ross (member of the Board of Governors, American Chamber of Commerce in China) | 照片(由左至右):发言人熊美英博士、 郭锋法官(最高人民法院研究室副主任)、主持人Lester Ross先生(中国美国商会理事会成员)

The China Guiding Cases Project (the “CGCP”) welcomes this step taken by the SPC.  In fact, in June 2017, during a seminar titled “Guiding Cases and China’s Belt and Road Initiative” organized by the American Chamber of Commerce in China(AmCham), Dr. Mei Gechlik, Founder and Director of the CGCP, explained the important role of GCs in the development of the BRI.  She also urged Judge GUO Feng of the SPC, who was another speaker that day and who oversees the selection of GCs, to consider releasing BRI-related GCs (see https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/amcham-talk-visit-tongzhou-court-food-chinese-medicine-mei-gechlik). In light of this suggestion made in 2017, it is encouraging to see the SPC take this step now.

中国指导性案例项目(“CGCP”)欢迎最高法迈出了这一步。事实上,2017年6月,在由中国美国商会(AmCham主办的题为《指导性案例和中国“一带一路”倡议》的研讨会上,CGCP创办人、总监熊美英博士解释了指导性案例对“一带一路”倡议发展的重要性。她也请当天的另一位发言人、最高法负责指导性案例工作的郭锋法官考虑发布与“一带一路”倡议相关的指导性案例(见https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/amcham-talk-visit-tongzhou-court-food-chinese-medicine-mei-gechlik)。回顾2017年提出的这一建议,再看最高法今天迈出的一步,实在令人鼓舞。

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Image: Comparison of GC107 and the corresponding original judgment | 图片:指导案例107号和相应的原判决书的比较

Given the importance of these BRI-related GCs, in this issue of China Law Connect (“CLC”), the CGCP has published its high-quality bilingual version of Guiding Case No. 107 (“GC107”; Sinochem International (Overseas) Pte. Ltd. v. ThyssenKrupp Metallurgical Products GmbH, A Dispute over a Contract for the International Sale and Purchase of Goods), together with explanatory endnotes and a section titled “CGCP Notes” that provides pertinent observations and translations of relevant legal provisions to deepen readers’ understanding of the GC.  Similar bilingual versions of the other five BRI-related GCs will be published in the remaining 2019 issues of CLC.

鉴于这些与“一带一路”倡议相关的指导性案例的重要性,CGCP在本期的《中国法律连接》(“《中法连》”)出版了高质量的指导案例107号(《中化国际(新加坡)有限公司诉蒂森克虏伯冶金产品有限责任公司国际货物买卖合同纠纷案》)双语版。其中包括注释说明和标题为“CGCP备注”的部分,后者提供相关观察和法律规定的翻译,以加深读者对该指导性案例的理解。其他五个与“一带一路”倡议相关的指导性案例的类似双语版将于《中法连》2019年余下的三期中发表。

A unique contribution made by the CGCP is the project’s comparison of GC107 with the final judgment which GC107 summarizes (see image above; yellow highlights).  The comparison reveals how the SPC, through the preparation of GC107, improved the reasoning of the original judgment and then laid out in the “Main Points of the Adjudication” section of GC107 clearer principles that judges handling similar subsequent cases are expected to follow.  The following paragraph shows part of the “Main Points of the Adjudication” section of GC107:

CGCP做出的独特贡献是其对指导案例107号和它所总结的最终判决书的比较(见上图;黄色亮点部分)。该比较揭示了最高法如何通过指导案例107号的制作,改进了原判决书的说理部分,然后在指导案例107号的“裁判要点”部分中提供了更清晰的原则。法官处理类似的后续案件时,最高法是预计他们会遵循这些原则的。以下段落显示了指导案例107号“裁判要点”的一些内容:

2. In a contract for the international sale and purchase of goods, if the goods delivered by the seller have flaws, [the situation] should not be regarded as a situation constituting a fundamental breach of the contract as provided for in the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, so long as the buyer can, through reasonable efforts, use the goods or resell the goods. (emphasis added) | 在国际货物买卖合同中,卖方交付的货物虽然存在缺陷,但只要买方经过合理努力就能使用货物或转售货物,不应视为构成《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》规定的根本违约的情形。(强调后加)

Words in bold differ from those in the original, final judgment.  For more discussion of the differences and the resulting implications for legal practice, see GC107.

粗体字的表述与原最终判决书中的表述不同。关于这些差异及其对法律实践的影响的更多讨论,请参阅指导案例107号

The CGCP’s Global Impact | CGCP的全球影响

The CGCP launched CLC in June 2018 to, among other goals, help deepen the world’s understanding of China and Chinese law. The table shows that since the journal was launched, the total number of our users has increased by 31.2%, with the most impressive increase taking place in Africa (56.5%) and Oceania (55.9%).  To date, our impact has been primarily concentrated in the Americas and Asia.

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2018年6月,CGCP开始出版《中法连》,旨在达到不同的目标,包括帮助加深世界对中国和中国法律的认识。从图表可以看到,自期刊出版以来,我们的用户总数增加了31.2%,非洲(56.5%)和大洋洲(55.9%)增幅最大。迄今为止,我们的影响力主要集中于美洲和亚洲。

Belt & Road Guiding Cases; Regulating AI; AI and Courts; Judicial Mediation | “一带一路”指导性案例;监管人工智能;人工智能与法院;司法调解 1

China Law Connect (Issue 4): Judicial Mediation, Regulating AI, and AI and Courts | 《中国法律连接》(第4期):司法调解、监管人工智能、人工智能与法院

To continue expanding our influence around the world, this issue of CLC presents a wider range of topics covering contributors’ analyses of timely issues and/or their experiences related to China:

为了继续扩大我们在全球的影响力,本期《中法连》提供了更广泛的主题,涵盖了作者对及时问题的分析和/或其与中国相关的经验:

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From left to right: Dr. PIAO Yanhong, Judge JIANG Heping, Mr. Eli-Shaoul Khedouri, and Professor Jeffrey S. Lubbers | 从左至右:朴艳红博士、江和平法官、Eli-Shaoul Khedouri先生、与杰弗瑞·拉博斯教授
  • The Use of Cases in Judicial Mediation — Based on an Analysis of a Series of Intellectual Property Disputes by PIAO Yanhong (Associate Research Fellow, School of Law, Sun Yat-Sen University) and Judge JIANG Heping (Chief Judge of the Case Registration Division, The No. 2 People’s Court of Dongguan Municipality, Guangdong Province). Based on the practice of using courts’ cases in the mediation of intellectual property disputes, Dr. Piao and Judge Jiang explain why cases can play an important role in judicial mediation in China. | 案例在司法调解中的运用—基于知识产权系列案件的分析。作者是朴艳红博士(中国中山大学法学院副研究员)、江和平法官(中国广东省东莞市第二人民法院立案庭庭长)。朴博士、江法官以知识产权案件调解中运用案例的实务为基础,分析案例能在中国司法调解中发挥作用的原因。
  • Regulating Artificial Intelligence by Eli-Shaoul Khedouri (CEO of Intuition Machines). A leading expert in artificial intelligence, Mr. Khedouri discusses the interplay of individual values, social good, and innovation in the context of a transformative shift in our ability to engage with the world, and the challenges posed to state actors attempting to regulate these developments. | 人工智能的监管。作者是Eli-Shaoul Khedouri(Intuition Machines首席执行官)。 Khedouri先生是人工智能领域公认的领导者。他讨论了在我们与世界互动的能力发生变革的背景下,个人价值观、社会公益和创新的相互影响,以及试图监管这些发展的国家行为者所面临的挑战。
  • A CGCP Interview featuring Professor Jeffrey S. Lubbers (Professor of the Practice of Administrative Law, Washington College of Law, American University).  The video can be accessed by visiting CGCP ClassroomTM.  Professor Lubbers has had interesting experiences related to China and shared thoughtful comments. In particular, he observed: | CGCP 专访杰弗瑞×拉博斯教授(美国大学华盛顿法学院行政法实践教授)。拉博斯教授有很多与中国有关的有趣经历并分享了令人深思的评论。他特别提到以下观察:

I have been struck by how similar the [Chinese] courts’ analyses in some cases (e.g., Guiding Case Nos. 21 and 40) are to those that would be performed by American courts with similar issues. |在一些案例中(例如指导案例21号和40号),中国法院的分析与美国法院在类似问题上所进行的分析很相似,这让我很惊讶。

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Upper (from left to right): Jia Quan, Jodie Ma, Kexin Yang, and Yuan Emily Cao ; Lower: Dr. Gechlik (center), students from Stanford Law School, as well as teachers and students from four law schools in China | 上图(由左至右):全嘉、马洋、杨可欣与曹原 ;下图:熊美英博士(中)、斯坦福法学院学生与来自中国四所法学院的学生

While the CGCP helps deepen the world’s understanding of China and Chinese law, it is also committed to training future professional leaders, as reflected in two pieces contributed by several CGCP members:

CGCP除了帮助加深世界对中国和中国法律的认识,它还致力于培训未来的专业领导者,这反映在一些CGCP成员所著作的两篇文章:

  • Guiding Case No. 40: Clarifying the Standards for Determining Work-Related Injuries and Its Significance by Jia Quan. Based on her impressive analysis of nine subsequent cases that used Guiding Case No. 40, Ms. Quan presents a clear picture showing how Chinese courts have benefitted from the effective guidance provided by this GC.  (For a copy of the CGCP’s high-quality bilingual version of GC40, together with the project’s explanatory endnotes and “CGCP Notes” section,  see here) | 指导案例40号:明确工伤认定标准及其重要性。作者是全嘉。通过对九起明确运用指导案例40号的后续案件的深入分析,全嘉清楚地展示了中国法院如何从本指导案例所提供的有效指引得益。(CGCP指导案例40号的优质双语版本,连同CGCP说明注释及“CGCP备注”,可见于此
  • Artificial Intelligence and Courts in China by Jodie Ma, Kexin Yang, and Yuan Emily Cao. These three CGCP members explain how speech recognition, image recognition, and knowledge graph technology have been applied in Chinese courts, and discuss the resulting positive changes in various areas, including litigation guidance, case registration, trials, and document processing. | 人工智能与中国法院。作者是马洋、杨可欣、曹原。这三位CGCP成员介绍了语音识别、图像识别和知识图谱技术在中国法院的具体应用,并讨论这些应用为导诉服务、立案、庭审和文书处理等工作所带来的积极变化。

Finally, the News and Events section covers Dr. Gechlik’s recent talk to law students from four Chinese law schools and comments from some students.  DING Yi, a student from Peking University, shared the following:

最后,新闻和活动部分介绍了熊博士最近为四所中国法学院的学生作出的演讲和一些学生对该演讲的评论。北京大学学生丁乙作了如下分享:

The CGCP translates Guiding Cases [released by] the Supreme People’s Court of China into English, allowing judges, lawyers, and scholars in different countries to analyze and comment.  This is also a form of supervision over our judicial transparency, and is of great significance to raising our judicial standards and capabilities.  […] After listening to Dr. Gechlik’s lecture today, I think that this will be of certain “guidance” over my studies in the future as well. | CGCP我国最高人民法院的指导性案例译成英文,供世界各国法官、律师和学者分析点评,这对于我们的司法公开也是一种监督,对于提高我国的司法能力水平具有重要意义。[…]今天听了熊博士的讲解,我想对于我日后的学习也有一定指导意义。

The March 2019 issue of CLC then ends with a piece of art titled “The Tidings of Spring” created by Mr. CHEN Xuncheng, a master of ceramic art. With additional patterns from Mr. Chen’s art to be featured in the other three 2019 issues of the journal, from now on our covers will look not only elegant but “seasonal”.

2019年 3月这一期《中法连》以陶瓷艺术大师陈训成先生创作的名为《春讯》的艺术作品作结。随着《中法连》2019年余下三期的封面采用陈先生艺术作品的图案,我们的封面将看起来不仅优雅,也具“季节性”。

A Grant from the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation & How to Purchase China Law Connect Online to Sustain the CGCP | 威廉与弗洛拉·休利特基金会的资助及如何在线购买《中国法律连接》以支持CGCP

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We hope you have been enjoying the insights and information shared by the CGCP through CLC and the project’s website.

我们希望您喜欢CGCP通过《中法连》和CGCP网站分享的见解和信息。

Like many other non-profit projects, the CGCP, which was founded in February 2011, is facing the challenge of having a long-term, steady source of funds to sustain its efforts in addressing the newest and most important Chinese legal developments that matter to the world.

如许多其他非盈利项目一样,创立于2011年2月的CGCP也面临着拥有长期、稳定的资金来源的挑战,以支持其应对事关世界的中国最新、最重要法律发展的努力。

Thanks to a generous grant from the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, the CGCP website has been upgraded to allow visitors to purchase digital copies of entire issues of CLC and/or select pieces from past issues for use in teaching, research, and/or legal practice.  It is our sincere hope that we will be able to offer special rates to educators and students in the near future. For more information, please visit the main page of the journal: https://cgc.law.stanford.edu/china-law-connect.

由于威廉与弗洛拉·休利特基金会的慷慨资助,CGCP网站业已升级,让访问者购买《中法连》整册和/或载于早期《中法连》的个别文章的电子版,用于教学、研究和/或法律实践。我们真诚希望,不久的将来,能为教育工作者和学生提供优惠价。如需更多信息,请访问本期刊主页:https://cgc.law.stanford.edu/china-law-connect

Finally, please note that donors who donate $500 or more per year to the CGCP will receive complimentary copies of CLC for that year and priority seats for invitation only events. Please make your online donations here (https://cgc.law.stanford.edu/support-us/donate). Email us (contactcgcp@law.stanford.edu) your donation receipt along with your mailing address and email address. We will inform you by email when your first hard copy of CLC is mailed.

最后,请注意每年捐赠至少500美元的捐赠者,可免费获得《中法连》纸本和受邀活动的优先席位。请访问https://cgc.law.stanford.edu/zh-hans/support-us/donate进行在线捐款。通过电子邮件(contactcgcp@law.stanford.edu)向我们发送您的捐款收据、邮寄地址及电子邮箱。我们将在您的第一份纸本《中法连》邮寄时通过电子邮件通知您。

We appreciate your support!

感谢您的支持!

 

Subscribe to CLC | 订阅《中法连》

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“Call for Submissions”, Submission Guidelines, Leveraging the CGCP’s Expertise |  “诚挚邀稿”、投稿指引、发挥CGCP专长

The CGCP is committed to continuing to publish an expanded range of in-depth traditional commentaries, China Cases InsightsTM, and Experts ConnectTM pieces that highlight the most up-to-date issues related to China and Chinese law.  For more information about the topics for which we are currently accepting submissions, see our new Call for Experts ConnectTM Submissions at https://cgc.law.stanford.edu/event/clc-2019-call-for-submissions.  For more information about how to submit, view the Submissions Guidelines at https://cgc.law.stanford.edu/clc-submission-guidelines.

CGCP致力于继续发布更广泛深入的传统评论、中国案例透视TM和专家连接TM,突出与中国和中国法律有关的最新问题。有关我们目前正接受投稿的更多信息,请参见我们新的专家连接TM诚挚邀稿https://cgc.law.stanford.edu/zh-hans/event/clc-2019-call-for-submissions/。有关如何投稿的更多信息,请访问https://cgc.law.stanford.edu/zh-hans/clc-submission-guidelines/查看投稿指引。

In addition to the above, we also welcome inquiries from legal professionals and experts working on real-world cases that would benefit from references to GCs and related cases around which the CGCP has expertise.  If you are currently working on a case that requires reference to Chinese court cases, contact us at contactcgcp@law.stanford.edu to discuss how the CGCP may be able to help strengthen your legal arguments.

除此之外,对于正在处理实际案件的法律专业人士和专家,如果该案的处理可以从参考指导性案例及相关案例中获益,我们欢迎相关咨询。请通过contactcgcp@law.stanford.edu与我们联系。


Since it was founded in February 2011 to help China establish a more transparent and accountable judiciary, the CGCP has shared significant insights about the country’s Guiding Cases and related developments, including the Belt and Road Initiative. To continue receiving messages that highlight these insights, please subscribe to our mailing list here.

To join us and offer your editorial assistance, please apply to be part of the CGCP team by following the instructions here.

A significant source of our funding is individual donors. Please make a gift to us today and help us advance our mission. Thank you for your support!

The CGCP thanks our sponsors, including Alston & Bird LLP, Amer Asia Law, the Center for East Asian Studies of Stanford University, China Fund of the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies of Stanford University, the Fu Tak Iam Foundation Limited, Gridsum Holding Inc., the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, Karisma Institute, the McManis Wigh China Foundation, and Tencent Research Institute for their kind and generous support.