The Global Trends in Judicial Reform Policy Lab at Stanford Law School recognizes that a healthy, independent judiciary plays an important role in halting the rise of anti-democratic leaders and preserving the rule of law. As a result, we conduct comparative research on 21st century judicial reform efforts. Here, we research the literature to understand innovative new strategies that improve the functioning of judiciaries. Topics for research include measuring judicial performance, judicial reforms, judicial vetting, and other factors affecting the rule of law. The findings of such literature review can inform recommendations for future research and reform efforts.